Photodynamic Therapy

PDT is a binary cancer therapy, which relies on selective uptake of a photosensitizer into the cancer cells which upon irradiation with light of an appropriate wavelength produce highly toxic singlet oxygen and other cytotoxic species.1,2 Singlet oxygen can readily react with electron rich biomolecules such as unsaturated lipids, amino acids and DNA. Ultimately, these destructive reactions lead to cell death through apoptosis or necrosis.3

The following attributes of the porphyrin derivatives make them powerful and versatile chromophores for PDT studies:

                1) The presence of main absorption bands in the therapeutic window, the Q bands, around 600-700 nm. It is advantageous to use red-shifted chromophores in order to get better penetration of exciting laser source;

                2) Intense extinction coefficients. Singlet oxygen production depends on the extinction coefficient of the chromophore; and

                3) Ease of modification of substituent groups. Porphyrins have several distinct functionalization sites, i.e., the meso position, β-position. The solubility of porphyrin derivatives in nonpolar or polar solvents can be modified by varying the porphyrin substituents.

These properties of porphyrin-based photosensitizers allow for deeper photodamage of tissue and a better therapeutic effect compared with non-porphyrinoids.

                To overcome the major drawbacks in porphyrin based photosensitizers, low excitation coefficient in the therapeutic window and persistence in skin, so called second generation chlorin based photosensitizers, such as Foscan (Temoporfin), Talaporfin (LS11, N-aspartylchlorin e6) and HPPH (2-(1-hexyloxyethyl)-2-devinyl-pyropheophorbide a) have been developed.4 Chlorins are particularly promising photosensitizers for PDT because of their distinctive ability to accumulate in tumorous tissues,5 intense absorptions at 664 nm, high stability, low dark toxicity and ability to generate singlet oxygen in the light.6,7,8 Amphiphilicity, another favorable trait, has been shown to improve the effectiveness of photosentizers. Ce6 a derivative of chlorophyll a, possess three carboxylic side chains, making it an ideal substrate for synthesis of novel amphiphilic photosensitizers.


Porphyrin based PDT Photosensitizers

Catalog Number: TMP-1363
TMPyP4 Tosylate
Catalog Number: T1239
TPPS4-2HCl
Catalog Number: P562-9
Protoporphyrin IX

Chlorin based PDT Photosensitizers

Catalog Number: Ce6
Chlorin e6
Catalog Number: Pha-592
Pheophorbide a
Catalog Number: A41107
Talaporfin, NPe6
Catalog Number: T40284
meso-tetra(m-hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (Foscan)

Talaporfin Derivatives

Catalog Number: C40890
Ce6 mono ethylenediamine amide disodium salt
Catalog Number: C40286
Ce6 mono aminohexanoic amide trisodium salt
Catalog Number: M40403
Ce6 mono tyrosine amide trisodium salt
Catalog Number: C40286
Ce6 mono serine amide trisodium salt
Catalog Number: C10409
Ce6 lysine amide trisodium salt
Catalog Number: C40402
Ce6 mono arginine amide trisodium salt

References

1.) Dolmans, D. E. J. G. J.; Fukumura, D.; Jain, R. K. Nat. Rev. Cancer 2003, 3, 380.

2.) Dougherty, T. J.; Gomer, C. J.; Henderson, B. W.; Jori, G.; Kessel, D.; Korbelik, M.; Moan, J.; Peng, Q. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 1998, 90, 889.

3.) Vicente, M. G. H. Curr. Med. Chem. AntiCancer Agents 2001, 1.

4.) Allison, R. R.; Downie, G. H.; Cuenca, R.; Hu, X.; Sibata, C. H.; Childs, C. Photodiag. Photodynamic Therapy 2004, 1, 27.

5.) Aizawa, K.; Okunaka, T.; Ohtani, T.; Kawabe, H.; Yasunaka, Y.; O’Hata, S.; Ohtomo, N.; Nishimiya, K.; Konaka, C.; Kato, H.; Hayata, Y.; Saito, T. Photochem. Photobiol. 1987, 46, 789.

6.) Kostenicha, G. A.; Zhuravkina, I. N.; Zhavrid, E. A. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B. 1994, 22, 211.

7.) Kessel, D. Photochem. Photobiol. 2008, 49, 447.

8.) Palma, M.; Cárdenas-Jirón, G.; Menéndez, R. M. I., M. J. Phys. Chem. A 2008, 112,13574.

Shopping Cart
Scroll to Top